El TDAH en la etapa preescolarUna revisión narrativa

  1. Jonatan Molina-Torres 1
  2. Mireia Orgilés 1
  3. Mateu Servera 2
  1. 1 Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
    info

    Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche

    Elche, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01azzms13

  2. 2 Universitat de les Illes Balears
    info

    Universitat de les Illes Balears

    Palma, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03e10x626

Revista:
Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

ISSN: 2340-8340

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: Monográfico “Avances en los trastornos del neurodesarrollo en niños y adolescentes"

Volumen: 9

Número: 3

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.21134/RPCNA.2022.09.3.5 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo muy heterogéneo y altamente prevalente en población infanto-juvenil. La detección del TDAH en la etapa preescolar (entre los 3 y 5 años) permitiría intervenir de manera precoz, reducir sus síntomas y modificar el curso del trastorno. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo revisar de manera narrativa el concepto del TDAH en población preescolar, sus características, los instrumentos que permiten su detección y los tratamientos disponibles. Los síntomas clínicos del TDAH en preescolares no son tan frecuentes como se ha pensado tradicionalmente y además presentan una gran validez predictiva, manteniéndose con frecuencia a lo largo de los años. La presentación del TDAH más frecuente en esta etapa es la hiperactiva/impulsiva y las presentaciones con predominancia de inatención aparecen con poca frecuencia. La evaluación del TDAH abarca la detección de psicopatología general que pueda ser comórbida al TDAH o bien que permita un correcto diagnóstico diferencial. Existen escalas de evaluación de síntomas de TDAH que son fiables para la detección clínica del trastorno y deben combinarse con medidas que evalúen posibles dificultades asociadas. Las intervenciones familiares son las más frecuentemente utilizadas, no siendo recomendado el tratamiento farmacológico hasta los 6 años. Sin embargo, los resultados de efectividad de los tratamientos son poco robustos. Es necesaria una intervención preventiva precoz en la etapa preescolar con casos que presenten o estén en riesgo de presentar TDAH y no “sentarse y esperar” si bien se necesita encontrar intervenciones más efectivas.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet